In 1845, Mexico?s last Governor, Pio Pico, issued an 8,825-acre land grant to Juan Osuna, the Mexican Alcalde of the Pueblo of San Diego, which included portions of Rancho Santa Fe, known as the Rancho San Dieguito. In 1906 the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, through its subsidiary Santa Fe Land Improvement Company, acquired the majority of the original Rancho San Dieguito land grant. The company planted millions of eucalyptus seedlings on the land grant intent on developing a tree farm as a source for railroad ties. Frost, drought and the unsuitability of the wood for ties led to the abandonment of the forestry experiment, but left the land a beautifully wooded landscape. The company developed the land into a planned community of gentlemen?s ranches with the ambiance of the old Spanish rancheros. In 1928, property owners in the Ranch adopted a Protective Covenant in order to maintain deed restrictions and the architectural theme, and in 1989, the State of California recognized Rancho Santa Fe?s historical significance by designating the community as a State Historic Landmark. Today, the Ranch maintains a sophisticated, exclusive ambiance, comprised of multiple-acre private gated estates, with membership privileges to the Rancho Santa Fe Golf Club and the Rancho Santa Fe Tennis Club, and close proximity to the village that includes award-winning restaurants and specialty boutiques. A private equestrian trail winds throughout the estate properties and provides access to the Rancho Santa Fe Riding Club. Adjacent to the Covenant area is the gate-guarded enclave of homes in Fairbanks Ranch, and numerous other luxury developments have also been built, adjacent to the original Covenant area. Median daytime temperatures are in the 70° range and Westerly breezes from the ocean reach this hilltop, wooded enclave.